Bottom-Up Model
Bottom-up means that the reader first focuses on letters, morphemes, syllables, words, phrases, grammatical cues and discourse markers (Brown, 2001, p. 299). This means that the reader understands the idea or the message of text by understanding every single individual unit.
Regarding this approach, the teacher has to move from teaching grammar, or explaining difficult words, to focus the learners' attention on the message of the text. The drawback of this approach is that the learners focus only on the individual words and form of grammar without taking into consideration the general idea or message of the text.
- Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (2nd edition). New York: Longman Pearson Education.
- The pictures are taken from :http://www.readinghorizons.com/blog/components-of-an-effective-esl-curriculum%E2%80%94insights-from-former-tesol-president